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The Psyche mirror

Berthe Morisot was closely associated with French Impressionism and actively participated in all the group’s exhibitions. She maintained close and creative links with Manet, Renoir and Degas, sharing their interest in subjects derived from everyday life and in capturing the effects of light.

The Cheval-Glass. which was included in the Impressionist exhibition of 1877, is an excellent example of these interests. A woman gathers up the waist of her loose blouse at the back, possibly imagining the effect of wearing a corset. The light, entering from the two windows that flank the mirror in which she looks at herself, and the reflections on the mirror create a rich tonal range of whites. The full-length figure of the woman is depicted in a flirtatious pose, her left shoulder bare and turned towards the viewer. A tilting dressing mirror of this type was known as a Psyche, a title that was given to this painting on various occasions.

The Cheval-Glass or La Psyché. as it is also called, is one of the paintings by Berthe Morisot shown at the Third Impressionist Exhibition held in 1877 in the apartment rented by Gustave Caillebotte at no. 6, rue Le Peletier. The many mentions of the work in the press attest to its favourable reception. The illustrator and critic Bertall wrote that “Melle Morisot is greatly admired by her faithful followers for the scene of a girl in a peignoir putting on her stays and by an equally elegant sketch of a woman in luminous grey tones, ” while Ballu noted that “the whites of her Psyché are of surprising quality;” and the writer Émile Zola himself, in his commentary on the Salon. underlined that “this year, Psyché and Young Woman at her Toilette are the two gems, in which the greys and whites of the textiles perform a very delicate symphony.”

The painting, exquisitely executed with gentle touches and intense light, shows a young woman slowly donning her clothes in the solitude of her bedroom before the Empire-style dressing mirror or psyche that belonged to the painter. Representation of the world of women’s feelings was such a permanent feature of Morisot’s oeuvre that her friend Paul Valéry used to say that the artist “experienced her painting” and “painted her life.”Other contemporary artists had shown an interest in this field, such as Manet, whose Nana. the major scandal of the Salon of 1876, depicts a courtesan powdering her face, and Degas, who painted a few female figures trying on dresses before a mirror.

Married to Eugène Manet, the brother of the painter, with whom she enjoyed a close relationship, and one of the founders of the Impressionist group, Berthe Morisot was particularly concerned with studying luminosity and colour and shared the other Impressionists’ interest in light reflections, which explains why mirrors often feature in her works. However, as Tamar Garb has pointed out, the subject of the toilette was also a pretext for exploring a traditional subject in painting, as it “relates to the old theme of Vanity, where Venus or another symbolic female figure is shown studying her own reflection.” Indeed, the title in French — La Psyché — holds a double meaning, as it may refer both to the name of the young woman loved by Eros and to a type of full-length mirror like the one in this painting.

For a time the comte Armand Doria was held to be the first owner of the painting because Bataille and Wildenstein mistakenly linked him to the sale at the Hôtel Drouot on 11 February 1880, entitled “Collection de M. D*** de Rouen.” As Suzanne Glover Lindsay has shown, it was the brothers Eugène (1806–1886) and August (1812–1902) Dutuit, Rouen-born bibliophiles and art collectors, who owned the painting before it was sold in 1880, as an annotation in the auction catalogue belonging to the Frick Art Reference Library in New York identifies the anonymous owner as Dutuit, and the painting La Toilette (lot 57) is described in a marginal note as a “woman in a white peignoir before a psyche.”

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The Psyche mirror

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